Fragrant gifts of the forest, mushrooms enjoy a special love.
Of these, you can make a rich soup, solyanka, stuffing for pies and pies, a delicious main dish.
Before use, almost any mushrooms (with rare and exception) must be boiled.
How to cook mushrooms and how long does it take?
Why cook mushrooms
There are several types of heat treatment of harvested forest harvest. Cooking is one of the simplest and most common methods. Why is it needed?
First, mushrooms contain alkaloids that are dangerous to health. These are toxic compounds that must be disposed of. In some species of fungi, for example, contains Gilvelov acid. It is the strongest poison, which has a devastating effect on the liver and kidneys and in 30% of cases leads to death. The poison contains the lines - mushrooms, very similar to morels. When cooking, it turns into a liquid, so suspicious mushrooms are boiled in two waters, the first one is necessarily drained, and the mushrooms are washed after it.
It is not by chance that mushrooms are compared with a sponge. They instantly absorb all the dirty and harmful substances from the environment, including radiation. Cooking helps to reduce its level, and when boiled once for ten minutes, the radiation level decreases by 80, and doubled by 97 percent.
Cooking allows you to get rid of microscopic parasites, larvae, microorganisms, in general, to protect the human intestinal tract as much as possible.
In addition, some types of mushrooms that have not passed the test of boiling water may be bitter. Therefore, it is necessary to cook not only dangerous lines (which, for the sake of justice, fall into the basket of mushroom pickers very rarely), but also favorite chanterelles, russules, milk mushrooms and even shop mushrooms.
How to cook mushrooms depends on their type. However, it is important to understand that when cooking, some of the nutrients and vitamins will go to the decoction. Therefore, you need to pour some water into the pan so that it only slightly covers the mushrooms.
How to prepare mushrooms for cooking
Before sending the mushrooms to the pan, they need to be prepared: to sort, clean, cut off all doubtful places (brown spots, damage, parts affected by worms or slugs). This should be done on the same day when the forest gifts were collected. If the mushrooms are old, you must remove the bottom of the cap.
If cooking is scheduled for another day, then you need to store the product in the refrigerator. In this case, the mushrooms are not washed, they only scrape the sticky leaves, grains of sand and grass with a knife. Before boiling, mushrooms can be washed with cold water, but quickly so that they do not have time to soak in water.
How much to cook fresh mushrooms
Mushrooms are cooked for several purposes: to freeze for the winter, prepare for salting or process before frying. Cooking time will depend on the type of mushrooms. Readiness can be determined by external signs: boiled mushrooms will sink to the bottom of the pan, if you raise it above the burner. And yet it is best to focus on recommendations for cooking time. How much to cook mushrooms? Experienced cooks recommend the following order:
• champignons cook purely symbolically - five minutes;
• for oyster mushrooms for readiness will be enough for fifteen minutes, large nests can be boiled for five minutes longer;
• chanterelles and aspen mushrooms should spend 20 minutes in boiling water (a film is preliminarily removed from the caps of aspen mushrooms);
• russula, despite the name, should be cooked for half an hour;
• White mushrooms before boiling should be carefully cleaned, remove the film from the cap, rinse, and then cook for 40 minutes;
• brown cap boletins are treated the same as white mushrooms, but cook for 45-50 minutes;
• Mushrooms put in water, bring to a boil, then pour the first broth and pour a new portion of water. Secondary cooking time - 50-60 minutes;
• dense milk mushrooms are soaked in cold water for an hour (add two tablespoons of salt per liter of water), then boil for 15 minutes.
Cooking mushrooms is easy. It is necessary to lay out in a saucepan, add a small amount of water, salt and after boiling keep in boiling water for five minutes to one hour, depending on the type. If mushrooms are processed for further roasting, they need to be cooked for 10-20 minutes less than indicated in the main recommendation. Then remove from the water, chop or twist in a meat grinder and use according to the main recipe. A very tasty winter harvest is obtained from boiled fresh mushrooms prepared according to the following recipe.
Ingredients:
• two kilograms of fresh mushrooms;
• one and a half liters of water;
• A spoon of salt (the amount of salt can be varied to your liking);
• two leaves of black currant;
• garlic head;
• Ten black peppercorns.
Cooking
Pre-mushrooms need to sort, clean off the forest dirt, rinse with small portions in a colander.
In a large basin or saucepan, soak the whole amount of mushroom “meat” and pour a portion of fresh cold water.
Set a small oppression in the form of a suitable diameter plate so that all the mushrooms are under water.
After an hour and a half, soaked mushrooms, rinse again, cut into large, leave small ones intact.
Pour the mushrooms and a half liters of water and bring to a boil over high heat.
As soon as the water boils, reduce the heat, add pepper and salt, currant leaves and garlic.
Boil for 20 minutes then remove the mushrooms with a skimmer and cool.
For the winter freeze, decompose the cooled mushrooms into packets in small portions of approximately half a kilogram (just as much as you need for mushroom soup, frying with potatoes, making a pie, etc.) and send to the freezer. It is important that as little air as possible is left in the bag of mushrooms.
You can store mushrooms frozen in this way for one year.
How much to boil dried mushrooms
Dried mushrooms are a real winter treat. Of these, you can cook a lot of delicious, fragrant, deliciously delicious first and second courses, pastries, appetizers and salads. However, to restore the original properties of the fungus, it is important to know how much to cook the mushrooms after drying.
Improperly cooked dried mushrooms lose their taste, and their pleasant texture, become too hard. First of all, they should be soaked in fresh cold water. Four hours of soaking will be enough to restore elasticity and volume to the mushroom slices. The water after soaking can not be drained, because the mushrooms give it its amazing aroma and taste. Of course, you need to focus on the result. If the mushrooms were harvested incorrectly, the water will become dirty, muddy, littered with leaves, needles, sand. In such a cook mushroom "meat" is not worth it. As a rule, white mushrooms are dried. However, it is possible to dry the aspen as boletus boletus, boletus, morels, boletus, champignons, chanterelles, etc. How many boil dried mushrooms after soaking? Not less than half an hour. You can check the readiness by whether the mushrooms fall to the bottom of the pan after rising above the surface of the plate.
Depending on the degree of drying, it may take more time to boil the mushroom slices. You can use the following recipe to prepare a tasty porcini-based decoction.
Ingredients:
• three hundred grams of dried slices of white mushrooms;
• one and a half liters of water;
• salt;
• Bay leaf;
• peppercorns (optional).
Cooking
Pour the mushrooms with boiling water so that all the slices are under water. You can pin them on top of a plate or lid.
After three to four hours, pour the swollen mushrooms into a pan of boiling water for broth.
Throw the bay leaf, pepper, salt the broth to taste.
How much to cook dried mushrooms depends on the size of the slices and the degree of drying. If the mushrooms are coarsely dried, the cooking time should be 35-40 minutes. Thin slices cook together faster, literally in half an hour.
After the mushrooms are ready, they can be cut into smaller pieces and sent to the pan in the heated oil. On the basis of broth cook mushroom soup.
How much to cook frozen mushrooms
From frozen mushrooms you can cook all the same wonderful dishes as fresh ones. Freeze mushrooms, boletus, white mushrooms, chanterelles - almost everything that can be brought from a successful mushroom hunting. How much to cook frozen mushrooms? Before answering this question, you need to learn how to cook mushrooms for cooking.
The fact is that it is impossible to remove all the moisture from the mushrooms before freezing: a small amount of ice is necessarily formed on them. Throwing mushrooms in such a state in the pan can not be, they will spoil the whole thing. Therefore, before the mushrooms need to defrost. This can be done in several ways:
• send for a couple of minutes in the microwave; • leave in a colander at room temperature and wait for natural defrosting.
After the mushrooms have thawed, they must be washed in running water. Then everything is simple: you need to fill the mushrooms with water and send to the fire. After boiling, reduce the heat to low and cook, covered with a lid. Be sure to stir and remove from time to time skimmer foam.
How much to cook frozen mushrooms? For full readiness 20-30 minutes is enough. Mushrooms will be ready in 15 minutes.
How to use boiled mushrooms and mushroom decoction
Fresh, dried and frozen boiled mushrooms rarely become a separate dish. Usually they are boiled for salting, pickling, freezing (if mushrooms are fresh). In addition, dried and frozen mushrooms are boiled to cook soup, mushroom salad, stuffing in pies or pancakes, julienne, fried potatoes.
After boiling the mushrooms, the broth cannot be poured. This is a valuable food product, on the basis of which you can cook light flavored soup or make a wonderful sauce for a meat or poultry dish.
The broth can be frozen in a plastic container or bottle. This is very convenient, because at any time you can cook a soup or sauce in fresh mushroom broth.
